Efecto antifúngico de cuatro mezclas de monoterpenos como alternativa para el control de Rhizoctonia solani Kün / Antifungal effect of four mixtures from monoterpenes like alternative by control of Rhizoctonia solani Kün

Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, es un patógeno de suelo, que causa enfermedades en un amplio rango de hospedantes de cultivos agrícolas. Las necesidades de reducir el uso indiscriminado de fungicidas químicos conllevan al estudio de otras alternativas menos agresivas al medio ambiente. Los monoterpenos presentes en los aceites esenciales de plantas, presentan una marcada actividad biocida y son compuestos que resultan menos perjudiciales desde el punto de vista ambiental. Se prepararon cuatro mezclas de monoterpenos (timol-entol, timolalcanfor, timol-citronelal y timol-1,8 cineol) con el objetivo de evaluar la actividad antifúngica in vitro sobre R. solani, mediante su efecto sinérgico. Se empleó el método de adición al medio de cultivo de cada una de las mezclas a concentraciones de: 0,5; 0,1; 0,05; 0,03 y 0,01 por ciento, partiendo de una solución madre al 10 por ciento en dimetilsufóxido (DMSO) al 5 por ciento. Se calcularon los porcentajes de inhibición y los resultados se analizaron estadísticamente. Se determinaron las dosis inhibitorias medias y se clasificaron la toxicidad de cada una de las mezclas en: inocua, ligera, moderada y tóxica a cada concentración. Las cuatro mezclas mostraron 100 por ciento de inhibición a las concentraciones de: 0, 5; 0, 1; 0,05 y 0,03 por ciento. A la menor concentración las mezclas de timol-mentol y timol-cineol fueron las de mayor efecto inhibitorio del crecimiento micelial de R. solani.

Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is a soil pathogen that causes diseases in a wide host range from agricultural crops. The need to reduce the indiscriminate use of chemical fungicide it has led to the study of other less aggressive environment alternatives. Monoterpenes, common components in plants essential oils, shows a maked biocide activity and are compounds less harmful from an environmental point of view. With the objective of evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity against R. solani, four binary monoterpenes mixtures (thymol-menthol, thymol-camphor, thymol-citronellal and thymol-1,8 cineol) with the objective of evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity against R. solani, four monoterpenes mixtures were prepared. The method of addition to culture media of each of the mixtures in concentrations of: 0, 5; 0, 1; 0, 05; 0, 03 and 0, 01 percent, from a stock solution to 10 percent in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to 5 percent were used. The inhibition percentages were calculated and the results were statistically analyzed. Median inhibitory dose was determined and the toxicity of each mixture were classified in: harmless, light, moderate and toxic in each concentration. The four mixtures showed 100 percent of micelial growth inhibition in concentrations of 0, 5; 0, 1; 0,05 and 0,03 percent. The thymol-cineol and thymol-menthol mixtures had the higher inhibitory effect on micelial growth of R. solani at the lower concentration.

Evaluation of soil microorganisms with inhibitory activity against rhizoctonia solani causal agent of the damping-off of canola

Pre-and post-emergence damping-off of canola seedlings caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a serious disease in Western Canada. Other fungi such as Fusarium spp. and Pythium spp. are also related to seedling damping-off. To-day, the search of soil bacteria is becoming a tool to use microorganisms as potential biocontrol agents for several plant diseases. The purpose of this research was to detect bacteria to biologically control R. solani, Pyrhium spp., and Fusarium spp. Soil samples were collected throughout Alberta during 1987 to isolate bacteria. Canola seedlings were also used to obtain bacteria from the same samples. Plant pathogenic fungi were tested to detect the antagonistic activity of the isolates. Tests were made with coated canola seeds, amendments and fresh of freeze-dried cells. Three hundred forty-one bacterial cultures were isolated. Only 16 inhibited fungal growth: 7 showed the same effects against R. solani and 9 showed uneven effects. Some isolates showed a weak action to Pythium spp. and Fusarium spp. three isolated showed inhibitory effect on R. solani and Pythium spp. isolate F1 improved by about 50% the germination of canola seeds in inoculated pots when compared with the inoculated control. Coated seeds had low germination and emergence was below the inoculated control. the emergence of vanola seedlings was very much improved when isolate 147 was delivered as an amendment in inoculated pots. Identification showed that 3 bacterial belonged to Bacillus spp., 4 to green fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. and 2 were Streptomyces spp